Difference between Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid

Substance	ECF	ICF
Sodium	142 mEq/L	10 mEq/L
Calcium	5 mEq/L	1 mEq/L
Potassium	4 mEq/L	140 mEq/L
Magnesium	3 mEq/L	28 mEq/L
Chloride	103 mEq/L	4 mEq/L
Bicarbonate	28 mEq/L	10 mEq/L
Phosphate	4 mEq/L	75 mEq/L
Sulfate	1 mEq/L	2 mEq/L
Proteins	2 g%	16g%
Amino acids	30 mg%	200 mg%
Glucose	90 mg%	0-20 mg%
Lipids	0.5 g%	2-95 g%
Partial pressure of oxygen	35 mm Hg	20 mmHg
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide	46 mm Hg	50 mm Hg
Water	15-20 L (18)	20-25L (22)
pH	7.4	7.0

 

Classification of Immunizing agents

Live Attenuated Vaccine.

An attenuated vaccine is a vaccine created by reducing the virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it viable (or "live"). Attenuation takes an infectious agent and alters it so that it becomes harmless or less virulent.

 

Inactivated or killed Vaccine.

An inactivated vaccine (or killed vaccine) consists of virus particles which are grown in culture and then killed using a method such as heat or formaldehyde. These viruses are grown under controlled conditions and are rendered non-infectious as a means to reduce antigenicity. Large doses, adjuvants, and multiple doses are required to confer immunity.

Sr. No.	Type of immunizing agents	Example
1.	Live attenuated bacterial vaccine	BCG Typhoid (Oral) Plague
2.	Live attenuated viral vaccines	Oral polio vaccine Measles MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) Yellow fever Rotavirus
3.	Inactivated or killed bacterial vaccines	Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus Cholera Typhoid haemophilus influenzae
4.	Inactivated or killed vaccine	Polio (Salk vaccine) Rabies Hepatitis B Influenza Japanese encephalitis
5.	Inactivated or killed vaccines against parasite	Plasmodium falciparum Trypanosoma cruzi Schistosoma mansoni
6.	Bacterial Toxoids	Diphtheria Tetanus
7.	Human Immunoglobulin	Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Measles Mumps Rabies Diphtheria Tetanus
8.	Non-human immunoglobulin (Antisera)	Diphtheria Tetanus Rabies Botulism

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